The basic framework of the Scales comprises three levels (see figure below), each of which in turn consists of five bands.

Level one is an overview of the proficiency of Chinese as a foreign or second language. At this level a comprehensive description is provided of the language proficiency of a learner of Chinese in terms of listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

Level two describes the Chinese language proficiency in terms of the spoken and written modes of communication, reflecting both the actual sue of the language and the characteristics of learning Chinese.

Level three focuses on the process of comprehension and expression in linguistic communication describing the learners' ability to comprehend spoken Chinese and express themselves orally and their ability to comprehend written Chinese and express themselves in writing.